Tax Brackets and Tax Rates
Filing Status: Single If Taxable Income is: The Tax is: $0 to $11,925 10% of taxable income $11,926 to $48,475 $1,192.50 + 12% of the amount over $11,925 $48,476 to $103,350 $5,578.50 + 22% of the amount over $48,475 $103,351 to $197,300 $17,651 + 24% of the amount over $103,350 $197,301 to $250,525 $40,199 + 32% of the amount over $197,300 $250,526 to $626,350 $57,231 + 35% of the amount over $250,525 $626,351 or more $188,769.75 + 37% of the amount over $626,350 Filing Status: Head of Household If Taxable Income is: The Tax is: $0 to $17,000 10% of taxable income $17,001 to $64,850 $1,700 + 12% of the amount over $17,000 $64,851 to $103,350 $7,442 + 22% of the amount over $64,850 $103,351 to $197,300 $15,912 + 24% of the amount over $103,350 $197,301 to $250,500 $38,460 + 32% of the amount over $197,300 $250,501 to $626,350 $55,484 + 35% of the amount over $250,500 $626,351 or more $187,031.50 + 37% of the amount over $626,350 Filing Status: Married Filing Jointly & Qualifying Widow (Widower) If Taxable Income is: The Tax is: $0 to $23,850 10% of taxable income $23,851 to $96,950 $2,385 + 12% of the amount over $23,850 $96,951 to $206,700 $11,157 + 22% of the amount over $96,950 $206,701 to $394,600 $35,302 + 24% of the amount over $206,700 $394,601 to $501,050 $80,398 + 32% of the amount over $394,600 $501,051 to $751,600 $114,462 + 35% of the amount over $501,050 $751,601 or more $202,154.50 + 37% of the amount over $751,600 Filing Status: Married Filing Separately If Taxable Income is: The Tax is: $0 to $11,925 10% of taxable income $11,926 to $48,475 $1,192.50 + 12% of the amount over $11,925 $48,476 to $103,350 $5,578.50 + 22% of the amount over $48,475 $103,351 to $197,300 $17,651 + 24% of the amount over $103,350 $197,301 to $250,525 $40,199 + 32% of the amount over $197,300 $250,526 to $375,800 $57,231 + 35% of the amount over $250,525 $375,801 or more $101,077.25 + 37% of the amount over $375,800
Filing Status: Single If Taxable Income is: The Tax is: $0 to $11,600 10% of taxable income. $11,601 to $47,150 $1,160 + 12% of the amount over $11,600 $47,151 to $100,525 $5,426 + 22% of the amount over $47,150 $100,526 to $191,950 $17,168.50 + 24% of the amount over $100,525 $191,951 to $243,725 $39,110.50 + 32% of the amount over $191,950 $243,726 to $609,350 $55,678.50 + 35% of the amount over $243,725 $609,351 or more $183,647.25 + 37% of the amount over $609,350 Filing Status: Head of Household If Taxable Income is: The Tax is: $0 to $16,550 10% of taxable income $16,551 to $63,100 $1,655 + 12% of the amount over $16,550 $63,101 to $100,500 $7,241 + 22% of the amount over $63,100 $100,501 to $191,950 $15,469 + 24% of the amount over $100,500 $191,951 to $243,700 $37,417 + 32% of the amount over $191,950 $243,701 to $609,350 $53,977 + 35% of the amount over $243,700 $609,351 or more $181,954.50 + 37% of the amount over $609,350 Filing Status: Married Filing Jointly & Qualifying Widow (Widower) If Taxable Income is: The Tax is: $0 to $23,200 10% of taxable income $23,201 to $94,300 $2,320 + 12% of the amount over $23,200 $94,301 to $201,050 $10,852 + 22% of the amount over $94,300 $201,051 to $383,900 $34,337 + 24% of the amount over $201,050 $383,901 to $487,450 $78,221 + 32% of the amount over $383,900 $487,451 to $731,200 $111,357 + 35% of the amount over $487,450 $731,201 or more $196,669.50 + 37% of the amount over $731,200 Filing Status: Married Filing Separately If Taxable Income is: The Tax is: $0 to $11,600 10% of taxable income $11,601 to $47,150 $1,160 + 12% of the amount over $11,600 $47,151 to $100,525 $5,426 + 22% of the amount over $47,150 $100,526 to $191,950 $17,168.50 + 24% of the amount over $100,525 $191,951 to $243,725 $39,110.50 + 32% of the amount over $191,950 $243,726 to $365,600 $55,678.50 + 35% of the amount over $243,725 $365,601 or more $98,334.75 + 37% of the amount over $365,600
Filing Status: Single If Taxable Income is: The Tax is: $0 to $11,000 10% of taxable income $11,001 to $44,725 $1,100 + 12% of the amount over $11,000 $44,726 to $95,375 $5,147 + 22% of the amount over $44,725 $95,376 to $182,100 $16,290 + 24% of the amount over $95,375 $182,101 to $231,250 $37,104 + 32% of the amount over $182,100 $231,251 to $578,125 $52,832 + 35% of the amount over $231,250 $578,126 or more $174,238.25 + 37% of the amount over $578,125 Filing Status: Head of Household If Taxable Income is: The Tax is: $0 to $15,700 10% of taxable income $15,701 to $59,850 $1,570 + 12% of the amount over $15,700 $59,851 to $95,350 $6,868 + 22% of the amount over $59,850 $95,351 to $182,100 $14,678 + 24% of the amount over $95,350 $182,101 to $231,250 $35,498 + 32% of the amount over $182,100 $231,251 to $578,100 $51,226 + 35% of the amount over $231,250 $578,101 or more $172,623.50 + 37% of the amount over $578,100 Filing Status: Married Filing Jointly & Qualifying Widow (Widower) If Taxable Income is: The Tax is: $0 to $22,000 10% of taxable income $22,001 to $89,450 $2,200 + 12% of the amount over $22,000 $89,451 to $190,750 $10,294 + 22% of the amount over $89,450 $190,751 to $364,200 $32,580 + 24% of the amount over $190,750 $364,201 to $462,500 $74,208 + 32% of the amount over $364,200 $462,501 to $693,750 $105,664 + 35% of the amount over $462,500 $693,751 or more $186,601.50 + 37% of the amount over $693,750 Filing Status: Married Filing Separately If Taxable Income is: The Tax is: $0 to $11,000 10% of taxable income $11,001 to $44,725 $1,100 + 12% of the amount over $11,000 $44,726 to $95,375 $5,147 + 22% of the amount over $44,725 $95,376 to $182,100 $16,290 + 24% of the amount over $95,375 $182,101 to $231,250 $37,104 + 32% of the amount over $182,100 $231,251 to $346,875 $52,832 + 35% of the amount over $231,250 $346,876 or more $93,300.75 + 37% of the amount over $346,875
Use 2025 Rate 2024 Rate 2023 Rate
Business 70 cents 67 cents 65.5 cents
Medical Care or Move 21 cents 21 cents 22 cents
Charitable 14 cents 14 cents 14 cents
Filing Status 2025 Deduction 2024 Deduction 2023 Deduction
Single $15,000 $14,600 $13,850
Head of Household $22,300 $21,900 $20,800
Married Filing Jointly $30,000 $29,200 $27,700
Or Qualifying Widow(er)
Married Filing Separately $15,000 $14,600 $13,850 2025 Tax Rates 2024 Tax Rates 2023 Tax Rates
Maximum Social Security Taxable Earnings $176,100 $168,600 $160,200
Social Security: Employers 6.2% 6.2% 6.2%
Social Security: Employees 6.2% 6.2% 6.2%
Social Security: Self-Employed 15.3% 15.3% 15.3%
Medicare: Employers 1.45% 1.45% 1.45%
Medicare: Employees 1.45% 1.45% 1.45%
Additional Medicare Tax: Income above 0.9% 0.9% 0.9%
$200,000 (single filers)
$250,000 (joint filers)
$125,000 (married filing separately)
Medicare: On Net Investment Income 3.8% 3.8% 3.8%
$200,000 (single filers)
$250,000 (joint filers)
$125,000 (married filing separately) Capital gains tax rate by year
2025 Single Married Filing Married Filing Head of
Jointly Separately Household
0% $0 to $48,350 $0 to $96,700 $0 to $48,350 $0 to $64,750
15% $48,351 to $533,400 $96,701 to $600,050 $48,350 to $300,000 $64,751 to $566,700
20% $533,401 or more $600,051 or more $300,001 or more $566,701 or more
2024 Single Married Filing Married Filing Head of
Jointly Separately Household
0% $0 to $47,025 $0 to $94,050 $0 to $47,025 $0 to $63,000
15% $47,026 to $518,900 $94,051 to $583,750 $47,026 to $291,850 $63,001 to $551,350
20% $518,901 or more $583,751 or more $291,851 or more $551,351 or more
2023 Single Married Filing Married Filing Head of
Jointly Separately Household
0% $0 to $44,625 $0 to $89,250 $0 to $44,625 $0 to $59,750
15% $44,626 to $492,300 $89,251 to $553,850 $44,626 to $276,900 $59,751 to $523,050
20% $492,301 or more $553,851 or more $276,901 or more $523,051 or more
Unrecaptured Sec. 1250 gains (more than one year) 25%
Collectibles (more than one year) 28%
Short-term capital gains are taxed as ordinary income according to federal income tax brackets. Education (Maximum Credit) 2025 2024 2023
American Opportunity Credit (Hope) $2,500 $2,500 $2,500
Lifetime Learning Credit $2,000 $2,000 $2,000
Student Loan Interest Deduction $2,500 $2,500 $2,500 IRA and ROTH IRA Contribution Limits Year Under age 50 Age 50 to older 2023 $6,500 $7,500 2024 $7,000 $8,000 2025 $7,000 $8,000 401(K) Maximum Employee Contribution Limits Year Under age 50 Age 50 to older 2023 $22,500 $30,000 2024 $23,000 $30,500 Age 50-59 or 64 to older Age 60 to 63 2025 $23,500 $31,000 $34,750 SIMPLE IRA Contribution Limits Year Under age 50 Age 50 to older 2023 $15,500 $19,000 2024 $16,000 $19,500 Age 50-59 or 64 to older Age 60 to 63 2025 $16,500 $20,000 $21,750 401(K) Maximum SEP IRA Contribution Limits Year Contribution Limit 2023 25% of eligible compensation up to $66,000 2024 25% of eligible compensation up to $69,000 2025 25% of eligible compensation up to $70,000
HSA Contribution Limits (Employer + Employee Contribution Total) Year Self-Only Coverage Family Coverage Catch-Up Contributions (age 55 or older) 2023 $3,850 $7,750 $1,000 2024 $4,150 $8,300 $1,000 2025 $4,300 $8,550 $1,000 High Deductible Health Plan (HDHP) Minimum Deductible Year Self-Only Coverage Family Coverage 2023 $1,500 $3,000 2024 $1,600 $3,200 HDHP Maximum Out-of-pocket Expense Limit Year Self-Only Coverage Family Coverage 2023 $7,500 $15,000 2024 $8,050 $16,100 Gift Tax Year Annual Exclusion Limit for Gifts 2023 $17,000 ($34,000 for married couple) 2024 $18,000 ($36,000 for married couple) 2025 $19,000 ($38,000 for married couple) Year Lifetime Gift & Estate Tax Exclusion Limits 2023 $12.92 million ($25.84 million for married couple) 2024 $13.61 million ($27.22 million for married couple) 2025 $13.99 million ($27.98 million for married couple)